The information shall be posted in the work area and kept on file. Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for. Ammonia gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by oxygen. Nitric acid, other than red fuming, with more than 70% nitric acid hazard class. Page 1 of 2 nitric acid university of michiganflint. Potential hazards physical hazards nitric acid is typically a liquid ranging from colorless to light yellow. Manufacture of organic and inorganic nitrates and nitro compounds for. One manufacturer noted the coexistence of two concentration threshold values for. The history of the modern nitric acid pro cess really begins in 1901 when w.
Nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process. Hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming. These fertilisers, generally with high nitrogen contents, provide the active nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate or as nitrophosphate formed by the action of nitric acid on phosphate rock. Environmental protection agency office of air quality planning and standards. Ostwald process for producing nitric acid worldofchemicals. Material safety data sheet university of louisville.
Nitric acid is also used for metal etching and processing of ferrous metals. The clean air is recycled through the ammonia recovery plant. Acute toxicity of fumes from heated, concentrated nitric acid inhaled by animals. Standard operating procedures for hazardous chemicals.
Vapor pressure curve for pure nitric acid 178 nitric acid, nitrous acid, and nitrogen oxides vol. Dilute 63 ml of nitric acid with sufficient water to produce ml. White fuming nitric acid, also called 100% nitric acid or wfna, is very close to anhydrous nitric acid. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. Dissolve 2 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in 50 ml of water. A strong acid is an acid which essentially ionizes all its hydrogen ions in water solution. If exposure to nitric acid vapor occurs, medical observation should. Commercially available nitric acid having concentration of 68% hno3, while the solution containing more than 86% hno3, is referred to as fuming nitric acid. The purpose of this simulation was to observe the thermodynamic.
Titrate with the nitric acid solution using methyl orange solution as indicator until the solution becomes reddish yellow. The nitric acid treatment of phosphorus slag was studied, and the recovery efficiencies of various elements were the following. It has many laboratory and industrial uses which include, metallurgy, testing for precious metals. Nitric acid the university of kansas health system. There are 5,380 nitric acid suppliers, mainly located in asia. Why hno3 should be added in waste water sample before. Guidance for transporting nitric acid in tanks contents 1. The history of the modern nitric acid process really begins in 1901 when w. Modeling and simulation of a nitric acid recovery process. Nitric acid is on the right to know hazardous substance. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of. Formulation fertilizers, washing and cleaning products, surface treatment. Technical support document for the nitric acid production sector. Nitric acid manufacturing process uses ostwald process.
Firstly it reduce the ph of water below 2 and this will reduce the precipitation and adsorption. There are three stages in the production of nitric acid. One of the best examples of the same is nitric acid. Nitric acid manufacturers, nitric acid suppliers and exporters. Nitric acid is produced industrially through a multistep reaction process known as ostwald process. For these processes weak nitric acid 55 to 65 per cent hno, is usually employed. It is a toxic and corrosive acid as well as being a strong oxidizer as well, in some cases dangerously so. Booklet nr 2 production of nitric acid by fertilizers europe. Tccs nitric acid belongs to the group of inorganic acids. Nitric acid is a colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Technical support document for the nitric acid production.
This reaction may give rise to some nonnegligible variations in the vapor pressure above the liquid because the nitrogen oxides produced dissolve partly or completely in the acid. The top supplying country or region is china, which supply 100% of nitric acid respectively. First aid measures always seek professional medical attention after first aid measures are provided. Nitric acid pdf msds number 2019 revised december 7, 2006. A wide variety of nitric acid options are available to you, such as agriculture grade, reagent grade, and industrial grade. However, this discovery was not then commercialised as ammonia was too expensive compared with the chile saltpetre used to manufacture nitric acid in those days. Local exhaust ventilation or breathing protection is required. Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. The composite distillation columns consist of a multistage vacuum tower and an atmospheric pressure tower half of which consists of packed bed. Nitric acid is subject to thermal or light decomposition and for this reason it was often stored in brown glass bottles.
Research triangle park, north carolina prepared for. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps. Nitric acid hno 3 is added in water samples for heavy metal analysis during the sampling of water. The ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. A oneml disposable plastic pipette was used for transferring the acid into a graduated cylinder. Anon 1979 nitric acid can be used as a spot test for alkaloids, giving a variety of colors depending on the alkaloid. Aug 03, 2015 the phosphoric acid content helps to passivate ferrous alloys against corrosion by the dilute nitric acid. Review consultants on nitric acid, ad hoc committees of the american. Environment, safety, health, and quality division chapter 53 nitric acid safe handling guideline 20 may 20 slaci7300a09t010r002 2 of 2. After the student finished using the pipette, it was blown out, turned upside down, and propped against another piece of. A nitric acid recovery process using composite distillation columns was modeled and simulated. Nitric acid is also known as aqua fortis or azotic acid. The basic process technology for producing nitric acid has not changed significantly over time. Nitric oxide and water are formed in this process according to the main equation.
The remainder about 30 per cent is used by the explosives. Nitric acid is an inorganic chemical that is used in the manufacture of nitrogenbased fertilizers, adipic acid, and explosives. It is highly corrosive, strongly reactive, a powerful oxidizer and a poison. As a matter of fact, the material safety data sheet states that it has an extreme health rating of 4 which means it is a poison. The fertilizer industry uses weak nitric acid in the range of 50 to 65% strength and thus the high concentration above 70% weight nitric acid production process is not included. Nitric acid which is also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. Upon distillation, nitric acid in its pure form begins to boil at 78. Ammonia, oxygen, water are the raw materials of nitric acid manufacturing. Process basis process basis ammonia is reacted with air on platinumrhodium alloy catalysts in the oxidation section of nitric acid plants. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps by. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the worlds major chemical industries. The vacuum tower and the atmospheric pressure tower were modeled by using equilibrium stage method and nonequilibrium stage method respectively.
Preparation and standardization of 1 m nitric acid. One nscr manufacturer, sudchemie, has a unit envicat. Nitric acid is a strong acid, a powerful oxidizing compound, and a nitrating agent. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality division. Product name nitric acid chemical name nitric acid synonyms hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming, engravers acid, hydrogen nitrate proper shipping name nitric acid, other than red fuming, with more than 70% nitric acid chemical formula hno3 other means of identification not available cas number 7697372. Sorrels health and environmental impacts division contract no. Why hno3 should be added in waste water sample before heavy. Consequently, direct contact can result in severe burns. Greenhouse gas emissions from the nitric acid production.
Proposed rule for mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases. Highstrength acid 90 percent or greater nitric acid can be produced from dehydrating, bleaching, condensing, and absorption of the weak nitric acid. Work should be done in a way that avoids handglove contact with nitric acid. Immediately flush eyes with excess water for 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. In this article the author outlines some of the principal features of this process, and describes in some detail the chemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface. The ammonium nitrate is sent for use in the can plant. These properties make it an important basic chemical compound that is used in the production of many important chemicals such as fertilizers, polyurethanes, organic chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibers, dyes, insecticides, fungicides, and explosives. Nitric acid is colorless when pure but has a yellowish appearance when it is old due to the collection of nitrogen oxides. In the tests embodied in this paper, a uniform procedure was employed. Quality control the gas streams at the nitric acid plants are analysed to determine the efficiencies of the oxidation of ammonia and of the absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water.
Production levels for 2006 have been estimated at 6. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year. Trade name nitric acid, technical grade synonyms nitric acid, 55% 62%. The manufacture of nitric acid johnson matthey technology.
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